FOLLOWING AN ARTICLE OF EMPEDOCLE MAFF (JOURNALIST recently passed away), on a very interesting Yochai BENKLER.SEGNALATOCI KINDLY BOOK BY SIMONE BREACH UNDER THE GROUP MEDIASENZAMEDIATORI.ORG.
Less than two decades of the Internet have already formed an era that
can be divided into several stages, relegating the determinism of McLuhan ("The medium is the massage
") of the studies on the Enlightenment
communication. Today, the economy modeled on the network is beyond the
market, capital, labor, trade. The suggestion
of this new development model is now present in various
scholars, as well testifies "Mediasenzamediatori.org"
probably the Italian site more in line with the attempt to give
organic theory of the development of this innovation.
Even here it deserves its showcase Yochai Benkler,
social scientist at Yale University, who in his most recent study,
"The Wealth of Networks" (The richness of the Network) (515 pp.,
Yale University Press, 2006), part of the Network
to demonstrate and explain how the new social production is transforming markets and
freedom. With "Network" instead of "Nations," Benkler
delivery to the past economic development identified by Adam Smith, and
candidate to unveil the new mechanisms are in place to promote
development and freedom, that is to shape the contemporary society . With a new
than any previous stage of development
humanity: this time, the focus of development along
promoters and users are human beings, the "individuals",
free at last, thanks to the economy of the Net ,
from the constraints of resources and social organization that have determined over the centuries
classes.
Why the Net, with its connections in random or voluntary or
objective is creating big news in the manufacturing process
contemporary traditional financial capital
is no longer necessary, expensive infrastructure is obsolete and no longer
need strings or large families to create development. The new
physical capital needed is a computer connected to the network, and
new "entrepreneurs" are potentially all individuals who make up the
billion humans already connected, the drive to establish
from their personal curiosity: "Individuals - Benkler says - that interact
socially, as human beings and as social beings
more than as market actors through the price system. "
this is the new network economy that develops over the concepts
market and private property, in which all produce, all
have, all they own, where the act of will is not in
specific action that everyone does, but in the connection.
The challenge is the development of the industrial total,
has just begun, and is producing attempts defend the old order.
First side information.
Just because the new model calls into question the pillars of the old model
industrial, with the "common good" to replace the property,
with the individual who replaces the traditional entrepreneur, goes beyond the dubious
a generic "information society"
able to intercept the new. Because, says Benkler, "the economy
Network offers different communication platforms,
and thus reduces the power of traditional media, such as in
properties of the medium allows the owner to choose what others can
see, and
affect their perception of what may or may not do. " With a devastating
innovation to traditional journalism, because
"The different format of the public sphere created by the Network
make a tool available to anyone to speak, to inquire, to investigate
without the need to access the resources of a traditional media organization
. This new freedom
penetrates all the streams up to the commercial media, reaching
eliminate any role for the concept of audience measurement
as a benchmark of success. In fact, "while in the mass media
the traditional criterion of success is to determine a moderate
interest in as many viewers as possible a little busy, Network
economy the focus is on creating products
highly attractive to a highly engaged audience. "
The political fallout of this new production model determines two phenomena
intended to enlarge the sphere of freedom and democracy
: because each individual will cease to operate within the bounds
financial organization or association
industrial society, and because it is more attentive to the arguments of others,
is constantly connected with others. Information, knowledge and culture
are created on a large scale in a practice of solidarity
determined by the sole initial capital, namely, the
computer connected to the Net As defined Benkler, "the practice of
freedom that begins to emerge with the economy of the Net allows people to find
beyond national boundaries or social
, beyond space and political divisions.
allows people to solve problems together in new forms of association
unrelated to the old constraints of the formal legal and political grouping
.
comes to mind what happened in the U.S. in the years between 11 and
today, when every response of the administration fell
passive acceptance by the country, in a total delegation
expressly granted to the President. Until two boys
of Pennsylvania have created "MoveOn.org," the site of the opposition
the war and the removal of civil liberties policy
as fighting terrorism and in a few months, the site has become
the center of the alternative to George Bush, and last November has been the main glue
campaign
that brought the Democrats to take the majority in the new Congress in terms of
parliamentary republic, was put in the minority
President.
process allargamnento of freedom,
expansion of democracy, of tolerance of ethnic and geographical barriers allowed the economy
Network produces, among other effects, a new way to produce
culture more transparent, more participatory, especially
"a system of cultural production that is clearly
better results than those produced by mass culture
impostasi business in the last century."
We're in the midst of technological change, economic and organizational
that allows us to renegotiate terms such as freedom, justice
, productivity compared to how they set out not only
in industrial society, but even in that information. For
Benkler, "How will we live in this new environment
determined by the economy of the network depends on the policy choices that we will
within the next ten years." The new man evoked
ideologies of the last century is perhaps indeed the human being free, equal
, production that is being formed under the new conditions
technology. With a warning that we deliver as we Binkler
clarifies the terms of the choice: "For economic policy,
allow the winners to dictate the terms of yesterday's competition
of tomorrow, it would be disastrous. As social policy,
miss this opportunity to enrich democracy, freedom and justice
in our society, while maintaining and even increasing productivity
of our new system, it would be unforgivable. "
Perhaps the "lonely crowd" by David Reisman is beginning to
broken down into individuals able to replace the classes, or
determine the new class, together, creators, promoters, operators
, consumers of information, knowledge, development and
culture, in society at the time of the Network
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